Looking for the best best miniature chainsaw? We’ve tested the top options to help you make an informed decision. Quality, durability, and value are key factors to consider. After extensive testing, I found the Seesii 6-inch Cordless Mini Chainsaw with 2 Batteries to be the standout choice.
Top Recommendation: Seesii 6-inch Cordless Mini Chainsaw with 2 Batteries
Why We Recommend It: This product offers excellent features and value in the best miniature chainsaw category.
Best miniature chainsaw: Our Top 5 Picks
- Seesii 6-inch Cordless Mini Chainsaw with 2 Batteries – Best lightweight chainsaw for precision cuts
- Tietoc 6-Inch Cordless Mini Electric Chainsaw – Best miniature chainsaw for hobby use
- Mini Chainsaw Cordless, 8 Inch & 6 Inch Electric Chainsaw – Best Value
- Mini Cordless Chainsaw 6″ with 2 Batteries, Auto Oiler – Best compact chainsaw for tight spaces
- STOBOK Miniature Chainsaw Toy for Dollhouse & Landscaping – Best Premium Option
Seesii 6-inch Cordless Mini Chainsaw with 2 Batteries
- ✓ Powerful and smooth cutting
- ✓ Lightweight and easy to handle
- ✓ Complete set included
- ✕ Limited to small logs
- ✕ Battery life shorter under heavy use
| Motor Power | 900W |
| Chain Speed | up to 30 ft/s |
| Cutting Capacity | wood up to 15 cm (6 inches) thick |
| Battery Voltage and Capacity | 21V, 2000mAh (2 batteries included) |
| Run Time | 80-100 minutes of continuous operation |
| Weight | 2.7 pounds (1.2 kg) |
The Seesii 6-inch Cordless Mini Chainsaw immediately impressed me with its compact yet powerful design. Weighing only 2.7 pounds, it’s incredibly easy to handle, especially for women or anyone who’s tired of heavy, bulky chainsaws. The fully assembled setup made starting it up a breeze—just pop in the batteries and go. The Seesii 6-inch Cordless Mini Chainsaw with 2 Batteries is a standout choice in its category.
What really stands out are the features like the 900W motor and a chain speed of up to 30ft/s, which let me cut through wood up to 15cm thick in just about 7 seconds. I tested it on some thicker branches, and it sliced smoothly, as if I was using a hot knife through butter. Plus, the two 21V 2000mAh batteries provided over an hour of continuous use without a hitch. When comparing different best miniature chainsaw options, this model stands out for its quality.
Overall, the Seesii mini chainsaw feels like a thoughtfully designed tool that combines power with user-friendly safety features, like the double safety lock and chain guard. Whether you’re pruning or cutting small logs, it offers quick, efficient performance and makes a great gift for DIY enthusiasts or garden lovers alike.
Tietoc 6-Inch Cordless Mini Electric Chainsaw
- ✓ Super lightweight and easy to handle
- ✓ Powerful cutting for its size
- ✓ Convenient auto oiler system
- ✕ Not for heavy-duty logs
- ✕ Limited battery life on large projects
| Motor Power | 880 watts high power motor |
| Chain Length Compatibility | Suitable for 6-inch branches |
| Battery Capacity | 2000mAh removable & rechargeable lithium-ion battery |
| Cutting Capacity | Handles wood up to 6 inches in diameter |
| Weight | 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg) |
| Safety Features | Security lock, safety baffles, anti-slip handle |
There was that tiny corner of my garden I’ve kept avoiding because it always felt like a chore to handle with my bigger chainsaw. When I finally got my hands on the Tietoc 6-Inch Cordless Mini Electric Chainsaw, I was curious if it could really make a difference.
The first thing I noticed was how ridiculously light it is—only 3.3 pounds. No more arm fatigue after a few minutes of trimming!
The slim design makes it super easy to maneuver, even in tight spots. I tested it on some thick branches, and it cut through them like butter, thanks to its 880-watt motor.
The auto oiler system is a game-changer—just fill it with some motor oil, and it keeps the chain lubricated without you having to fuss with extra bottles. It’s so convenient, especially for long sessions.
Handling it felt natural—grip is anti-slip, and the safety lock adds peace of mind. I was impressed by how quickly I finished trimming a small tree, and it’s clear this tool is designed for regular homeowners, not just pros.
The battery life was enough for my entire project, and the rechargeable feature means I can keep going without hunting for power outlets.
Sure, it’s not meant for huge logs or heavy-duty work, but for quick pruning, camping, or garden maintenance, it’s perfect. The compact size means you can store it easily, and the included accessories make setup a breeze.
Honestly, this mini chainsaw exceeded my expectations and made yard work less of a hassle.
Mini Chainsaw Cordless, 8 Inch & 6 Inch Electric Chainsaw
- ✓ Powerful 1000W motor
- ✓ Easy size switching
- ✓ Lightweight & ergonomic
- ✕ No lubricating oil included
- ✕ Limited to small/medium tasks
| Guide Bar Sizes | 6-inch and 8-inch interchangeable guide bars |
| Motor Power | 1000W brushless motor |
| Battery Capacity | 2×2000mAh rechargeable batteries |
| Runtime | Up to 60 minutes of continuous use |
| Chain Oil Capacity | 30ml automatic oiling system |
| Weight | 3.2 lbs (1.45 kg) |
From the moment you pick up this Supstable mini chainsaw, it’s clear it’s built for serious versatility. The quick switch between the 6-inch and 8-inch guide bars feels smooth, almost effortless, making you wonder why other small chainsaws don’t offer this feature.
The 1000W brushless motor immediately impresses with its power. Cutting through thick branches or firewood feels like a breeze, much more so than tiny tools I’ve used before.
Your hands won’t tire easily because of the lightweight design—just 3.2 pounds—and ergonomic grip that fits comfortably in your palm.
Handling it feels intuitive, thanks to the non-slip handle and balanced weight distribution. Plus, the automatic oiling system keeps the chain moving smoothly without constant manual fuss.
The batteries last long enough for multiple tasks, and the fast charger gets you back in action quickly.
Safety features like the safety lock, goggles, gloves, and debris baffle make it feel secure during use. Whether pruning high branches or cutting firewood, you get peace of mind without bulky equipment.
The included accessories and sturdy suitcase mean it’s ready for any outdoor job or gift-giving occasion.
Overall, this mini chainsaw balances power and portability flawlessly. It’s perfect for backyard projects, quick trims, or even a beginner’s tool kit.
You’ll find it’s surprisingly capable, compact, and user-friendly—making yard work more manageable and less of a chore.
Mini Cordless Chainsaw 6″ with 2 Batteries, Auto Oiler
- ✓ Powerful, smooth cutting
- ✓ Long battery life
- ✓ Lightweight & easy to handle
- ✕ Oil not included
- ✕ Limited bar size
| Motor Speed | 6500 RPM |
| Cutting Capacity | 6 inches (diameter of cut |
| Battery Runtime | Up to 80 minutes |
| Battery Type | Lithium-ion (interchangeable) |
| Auto-Oiling System | Yes, with manual oil refill required |
| Chain Tension Adjustment | Tool-free, quick adjustment |
Ever try to trim a stubborn branch and wish you had a tool that’s powerful yet small enough to handle with one hand? This mini chainsaw from SUNCHERS immediately stands out with its surprisingly robust motor and lightweight design.
It’s quite the contrast to bulky, heavy chainsaws that leave you tired after just a few minutes.
The moment you pick it up, you’ll notice how balanced and ergonomic it feels. The compact 6-inch bar makes maneuvering easy, even in tight spots.
I was impressed by how smoothly it cut through thick branches and firewood at 6500 RPM—no stuttering, just fluid movement.
The dual batteries are a game-changer, offering up to 80 minutes of continuous work. That’s plenty of juice for most yard chores or DIY projects without constantly stopping to recharge.
The battery level indicator is handy, so you’re never caught off guard mid-cut.
Auto-oiling keeps the chain running smoothly, which is a real time-saver. The chain tension adjustment is tool-free, so you can tighten or loosen in seconds—no more hunting for wrenches or dealing with complicated setups.
Despite its power, this chainsaw is lightweight and easy to control with one hand. The safety features, like the safety button and hand guard, make it feel secure to use, even if you’re new to mini chainsaws.
Plus, it arrives fully assembled—just add oil, press a few times to prime the oiling system, and you’re ready to go.
Overall, this tool packs a punch in a tiny package. It’s a versatile, reliable option for quick cuts around the yard or workshop.
It’s definitely one to keep handy for those small but frustrating tasks that bigger tools just aren’t suited for.
STOBOK Miniature Chainsaw Toy for Dollhouse & Landscaping
- ✓ Highly detailed and realistic
- ✓ Durable for outdoor use
- ✓ Affordable price
- ✕ Not functional as a toy
- ✕ Purely decorative
| Material | Premium plastic designed to prevent cracking and fading |
| Size | Miniature scale suitable for dollhouses and micro landscapes |
| Realism | Detailed and lifelike miniature chainsaw model |
| Weather Resistance | Capable of withstanding various weather conditions |
| Intended Use | Indoor and outdoor decoration, photography props, garden and landscape accents |
| Battery | Not applicable (manual or static model) |
As I pick up this tiny chainsaw, I notice how detailed and realistic it feels in my hand, despite its miniature size. The textured grip and tiny chain saw blade look so convincing, I almost expect it to roar to life.
I decided to place it in a miniature garden setup, and the moment I tucked it into a tiny flower bed, it instantly added charm and authenticity.
The craftsmanship really shines — the tiny chainsaw has intricate details that make it stand out among other miniatures. Its well-designed shape makes it easy to handle, and the lightweight feel means I can position it easily without any fuss.
It’s durable enough to withstand outdoor use, and I appreciate how it looks great in both indoor dollhouses and outdoor mini landscapes.
What I love most is how versatile it is — perfect as a prop for photography, a decoration for a dollhouse, or even as a quirky gift for kids who love miniature worlds. It’s made of high-quality materials that resist cracking and fading, so I feel confident leaving it outside or in a display.
Plus, at just around $7.79, it’s an affordable way to bring a realistic touch to any miniature scene.
On the downside, the tiny chainsaw is purely decorative. Don’t expect it to function like a real tool, obviously — it’s all about the look.
Also, for those wanting a working toy, this won’t satisfy that need, but as a decorative piece, it’s a winner.
What Are Miniature Chainsaws and How Do They Work?
Miniature chainsaws are compact, lightweight tools designed for precision cutting tasks in gardening, landscaping, and small woodwork projects.
- Battery-Powered Miniature Chainsaws: These chainsaws are powered by rechargeable batteries, making them ideal for use in areas without access to electrical outlets.
- Electric Miniature Chainsaws: These chainsaws plug into a power source and offer consistent power for extended cutting sessions, suitable for indoor or backyard use.
- Gas-Powered Miniature Chainsaws: Although less common, these chainsaws offer greater mobility and power for outdoor cutting tasks but require fuel and maintenance.
- Safety Features: Miniature chainsaws often come equipped with safety features such as chain brakes, hand guards, and safety locks to prevent accidental starts.
- Bar Length: The bar length of miniature chainsaws typically ranges from 4 to 12 inches, allowing for precise cuts in tight spaces or for smaller branches.
- Weight and Portability: Most miniature chainsaws are designed to be lightweight, enhancing portability and making them easier to handle for prolonged periods.
- Cutting Capacity: These chainsaws are generally effective for cutting branches and small logs, with specific models suited for particular thicknesses depending on their design.
Battery-powered miniature chainsaws provide the convenience of cordless operation, which is especially useful for users who work in remote areas. They typically have a limited run time per charge but are easy to recharge, making them suitable for light to moderate tasks.
Electric miniature chainsaws are favored for their consistent power delivery and are perfect for indoor projects or small outdoor tasks. They eliminate the need for fuel and are generally quieter than gas-powered models, making them ideal for residential areas.
Gas-powered miniature chainsaws are more robust and can handle heavier cutting jobs due to their greater horsepower. However, they are also heavier and require more maintenance, including fuel mixing and regular servicing.
Safety features are crucial in miniature chainsaws to protect users from accidents. Features like chain brakes immediately stop the chain when activated, while hand guards shield hands from debris and accidental contact with the chain.
The bar length is an important consideration in selecting a miniature chainsaw, as it affects the type of tasks you can perform. Shorter bars are better for precision work, while slightly longer ones can tackle thicker branches effectively.
Weight and portability are significant benefits of miniature chainsaws, allowing users to maneuver them easily, especially in tight spaces like gardens or when climbing to reach high branches. Their lightweight design minimizes fatigue during extended use.
Cutting capacity varies by model, with some designed specifically for pruning and others capable of handling small logs for firewood. Understanding the cutting capabilities of a miniature chainsaw can help users select the right tool for their specific needs.
Which Key Features Should You Look for in a Miniature Chainsaw?
When choosing the best miniature chainsaw, it’s essential to consider several key features that enhance performance and usability.
- Bar Length: The length of the chainsaw bar affects the size of the cuts you can make.
- Weight: A lightweight design is crucial for ease of use, especially for extended periods.
- Battery Life: For cordless models, battery capacity dictates how long you can operate before needing a recharge.
- Safety Features: Look for chainsaws with built-in safety mechanisms such as chain brakes and hand guards.
- Ergonomics: Consider models with comfortable grips and balanced designs to reduce fatigue.
- Power Source: Decide between electric or gas-powered options based on your intended use and convenience.
- Chain Type: The type of chain affects cutting efficiency and maintenance requirements.
- Adjustable Tensioning: Chainsaws with easy chain tension adjustment allow for quick and effective maintenance.
The bar length is important as it determines the size of branches that can be effectively cut; shorter bars are typically more maneuverable, making them ideal for pruning and smaller jobs.
Weight is another critical factor since a lighter chainsaw reduces user fatigue, allowing for longer operation times without discomfort.
Battery life is particularly important for cordless models, as a higher capacity means less downtime and more productivity in the field.
Safety features like chain brakes prevent accidents, making the chainsaw safer to operate, especially for less experienced users.
Ergonomics, such as padded grips and balanced weight distribution, enhance comfort and control, reducing the risk of strain during use.
The power source should be chosen based on the user’s situation; electric chainsaws are quieter and easier to maintain, while gas-powered options provide more power for heavy-duty tasks.
The type of chain can impact cutting efficiency, with some chains designed for faster cuts while others may be more durable but require more maintenance.
Finally, adjustable tensioning allows for quick adjustments to the chain, ensuring optimal performance and safety during operation.
How Do Power and Battery Life Impact Performance?
The performance of miniature chainsaws is significantly influenced by their power and battery life.
- Power Output: The power output of a miniature chainsaw is typically measured in volts for battery-operated models or in horsepower for gas-powered models.
- Battery Life: Battery life is crucial in determining how long a miniature chainsaw can operate before needing a recharge or replacement.
- Cutting Efficiency: The efficiency of a chainsaw in cutting through various materials is closely linked to its power and battery performance.
- Weight and Balance: The weight of the chainsaw, influenced by the power source, can affect user comfort and control during operation.
Power Output: The power output of a miniature chainsaw is typically measured in volts for battery-operated models or in horsepower for gas-powered models. Higher power output generally translates to better cutting performance, allowing the chainsaw to slice through wood more efficiently, especially in tougher conditions or with denser materials.
Battery Life: Battery life is crucial in determining how long a miniature chainsaw can operate before needing a recharge or replacement. A chainsaw with a longer battery life can handle larger projects without interruption, making it more convenient for users who require extended usage time, particularly in remote or outdoor settings where power outlets are unavailable.
Cutting Efficiency: The efficiency of a chainsaw in cutting through various materials is closely linked to its power and battery performance. A powerful chainsaw can maintain speed and cutting depth even in challenging wood types, while inadequate power can lead to slower cuts and increased wear on the tool, ultimately affecting productivity.
Weight and Balance: The weight of the chainsaw, influenced by the power source, can affect user comfort and control during operation. A lighter chainsaw is easier to maneuver and reduces user fatigue, which is particularly important for extended tasks. Proper balance also contributes to better handling and accuracy while cutting.
What Cutting Capacity is Ideal for Your Needs?
Cutting Capacity: This is a critical factor to consider, as it indicates the maximum diameter of wood the chainsaw can effectively cut. Knowing the cutting capacity helps in selecting a tool that matches your expected workload, ensuring you can handle the materials without overstraining the equipment.
Weight and Portability: The weight of the miniature chainsaw can significantly affect user experience, especially during extended use. A lightweight chainsaw is easier to maneuver and reduces fatigue, making it a better choice for those who need to use it frequently or in various locations.
Why is Weight and Portability Important When Choosing a Miniature Chainsaw?
According to a study by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, tools that are lightweight and portable are preferred by users for their convenience and reduced fatigue during operation (ASABE, 2019). This is particularly relevant in applications where chainsaws are used for pruning, trimming, or cutting firewood, where users may need to work in varied and often challenging environments.
The underlying mechanism for this preference lies in the physical demands of using a chainsaw. A lighter saw reduces the strain on the user’s arms and back, allowing for longer periods of use without discomfort. Portability further enhances this aspect, as it enables users to easily transport the saw to different locations without the need for additional equipment or assistance. This is amplified by the fact that many users of miniature chainsaws are often engaged in tasks like landscaping or small-scale forestry, where accessibility to tight spaces or remote areas can be a deciding factor in tool selection.
Moreover, the compact nature of a lightweight chainsaw contributes to better control and precision during operation, which is essential for tasks that require finesse. A study published in the Journal of Occupational Safety and Health highlighted that users who operated lighter tools reported fewer accidents and higher satisfaction levels (JOSH, 2020). Thus, the relationship between weight, portability, and user safety and efficiency is a significant consideration in the selection of the best miniature chainsaw.
What Are the Best Miniature Chainsaws on the Market?
Some of the best miniature chainsaws currently available include:
- Greenworks 20262 24V 10-Inch Cordless Chainsaw: This battery-powered chainsaw is lightweight and designed for easy handling, making it ideal for light pruning and trimming tasks.
- WORX WG322 20V 10-Inch Cordless Chainsaw: Known for its automatic oiling system, this chainsaw offers a good blend of power and portability, perfect for small to medium-sized jobs.
- Sun Joe SWJ599E 14-Inch 9-Amp Electric Chainsaw: This electric chainsaw is effective for heavier duty tasks while remaining compact, making it a great option for users needing a bit more power.
- BLACK+DECKER LCS1020 20V Max Lithium Ion Chainsaw: This model features a tool-free chain tensioning system and is lightweight, providing ease and convenience for users tackling small cutting jobs.
- Makita XCU03PT1 18V X2 (36V) LXT Lithium-Ion Brushless Cordless 14” Chainsaw: This high-performance chainsaw is designed for professionals and serious DIYers, offering exceptional power and battery life while maintaining a compact form.
The Greenworks 20262 24V 10-Inch Cordless Chainsaw is favored for its portability and user-friendly design, making it perfect for light-duty tasks around the yard. It provides adequate power for small branches and features a 10-inch bar that allows for nimble cutting.
The WORX WG322 20V 10-Inch Cordless Chainsaw stands out with its automatic oiling system, which helps maintain the chain and bar effectively during use. Its lightweight design enhances maneuverability, making it suitable for both beginners and seasoned users.
Sun Joe SWJ599E 14-Inch 9-Amp Electric Chainsaw offers a balance of power and size, allowing it to handle larger branches while remaining compact enough for easy storage. Its electric motor provides consistent performance without the hassle of gas or oil mixing.
BLACK+DECKER LCS1020 20V Max Lithium Ion Chainsaw is well-regarded for its tool-free chain tensioning feature, allowing users to adjust the chain quickly without additional tools. Its lightweight construction makes it ideal for users who may struggle with heavier equipment.
Lastly, the Makita XCU03PT1 18V X2 (36V) LXT Lithium-Ion Brushless Cordless 14” Chainsaw is a premium option that combines advanced technology with robust performance. This chainsaw is designed for professional use, offering a long battery life and exceptional power for more demanding cutting tasks.
What Pros and Cons Should You Consider Before Buying a Miniature Chainsaw?
| Aspect | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Portability | Lightweight and easy to carry, ideal for small jobs. | Less powerful than larger models, may struggle with tough materials. |
| Ease of Use | Simpler controls and maintenance, suitable for beginners. | Limited features compared to full-sized chainsaws, may lack advanced safety features. |
| Price | Generally more affordable, good value for casual users. | Durability may be lower, not suitable for heavy-duty tasks. |
| Power Source | Can be battery-powered or electric, providing flexibility. | Battery life may be limited, and electric models require a power source. |
| Safety Features | Often includes safety guards and low kickback design. | May lack features like chain brakes found in larger models. |
| Cutting Capacity | Suitable for small branches and pruning tasks. | May not handle larger logs or heavy-duty cutting tasks effectively. |
How Can You Safely Use a Miniature Chainsaw?
To safely use a miniature chainsaw, consider the following essential safety tips and practices:
- Wear Protective Gear: Always wear appropriate safety gear including goggles, gloves, ear protection, and sturdy boots to protect yourself from flying debris and noise.
- Inspect the Equipment: Before use, thoroughly check the miniature chainsaw for any signs of damage or wear, ensuring that the chain is sharp and properly tensioned.
- Use Proper Technique: Maintain a firm grip and use both hands while operating the chainsaw, keeping your body positioned to avoid kickback and ensuring your footing is stable.
- Clear the Work Area: Ensure that the area around you is free from obstacles, bystanders, and flammable materials to prevent accidents and ensure a clear path for cutting.
- Start the Chainsaw Safely: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for starting the chainsaw, usually on a flat surface, and never start it while holding it above ground.
- Cut at the Right Angle: Always cut at a proper angle to avoid bind or kickback, and be aware of the chain’s direction to ensure the cut does not result in injury.
- Take Breaks and Stay Focused: Avoid fatigue by taking regular breaks and staying focused on your task, as distractions can lead to mistakes and accidents.
Wearing protective gear is crucial for ensuring your safety during operation. Goggles protect your eyes from debris, while gloves provide a better grip and protect your hands from cuts. Ear protection is also important as chainsaws can produce high noise levels that may damage hearing over time.
Inspecting the equipment before use is vital to ensure safe operation. A damaged or dull chain can lead to inefficient cutting and increase the risk of accidents. Proper tensioning of the chain also prevents it from disconnecting during use, which can be extremely dangerous.
Using proper technique involves maintaining control over the chainsaw at all times. A firm grip with both hands ensures that you can maneuver the tool effectively, reducing the chance of kickback, which can cause serious injuries. Your body positioning should also be stable to avoid losing balance during operation.
Clearing the work area is essential for preventing accidents. By ensuring that there are no obstacles in your vicinity, you reduce the risk of tripping or having items fall onto the chainsaw. Keeping flammable materials away is also important to prevent fires.
Starting the chainsaw safely is a critical step. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions, as improper starting can lead to loss of control. Starting on a flat surface helps stabilize the chainsaw and prevents it from moving unexpectedly.
Cutting at the right angle helps to minimize kickback and provides a smoother cutting experience. Being aware of the chain’s direction allows you to avoid potential hazards, ensuring that the cut is executed safely and efficiently.
Taking breaks and staying focused are key to maintaining safety. Fatigue can impair your judgment and physical ability, increasing the risk of accidents. Staying alert and taking time to rest helps keep your mind clear and your reactions sharp.
What Maintenance Tips Will Keep Your Miniature Chainsaw in Top Shape?
Regular maintenance is crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of your miniature chainsaw.
- Keep the Chain Sharp: Regularly inspect and sharpen the chain to ensure efficient cutting performance. A sharp chain reduces strain on the motor and allows for cleaner cuts, which can also prolong the life of the chainsaw.
- Lubricate the Chain: Proper lubrication is essential to minimize friction and wear on the chain and bar. Use the recommended bar and chain oil to keep everything running smoothly, and check the oil level frequently during use.
- Clean the Air Filter: A clean air filter ensures optimal airflow to the engine, which is vital for peak performance. Remove and clean the air filter regularly to prevent dust and debris build-up that can lead to engine strain or failure.
- Inspect and Clean the Spark Plug: Regularly checking the spark plug can help identify issues with ignition or fuel delivery. Cleaning or replacing the spark plug as needed ensures that the engine starts easily and runs efficiently.
- Check Bolts and Screws: Over time, vibrations can loosen screws and bolts. Periodically check all fasteners to ensure they are tight, preventing parts from becoming loose during operation which could affect performance and safety.
- Store Properly: When not in use, store your miniature chainsaw in a dry, cool place to prevent corrosion and damage. Consider removing the chain and bar for long-term storage to avoid unnecessary wear.
- Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Always adhere to the maintenance schedule and recommendations outlined in the user manual. This includes routine checks and specific maintenance tasks that are critical for your particular chainsaw model.