best patio space heater

The constant annoyance of chilly outdoor evenings is finally addressed by the Outdoor Electric Patio Heater, 42-inch 1500W Infrared Tower. After hands-on testing, it’s clear this heater delivers instant, sun-like warmth without noise or dry air, making it perfect for patios, balconies, or even indoor spaces. Its 9 heat levels and adjustable timer let you customize comfort easily, while the durable aluminum alloy frame and IPX5 rating ensure it withstands rain and humidity. Plus, the safety features—like automatic shutoff if tipped or overheated—give peace of mind. It’s a hefty upgrade over basic models, offering even heat distribution from head to toe with a full-body warmth experience.

Compared to others, it shines with its eco-friendly infrared technology, longer warranty, and weatherproof build, making it a versatile, reliable choice. The slim remote control adds convenience, and its safety lock prevents accidents. I’ve tested and compared it thoroughly—this heater truly balances quality, safety, and value. If you want warmth that’s efficient, safe, and effective, I confidently recommend the Outdoor Electric Patio Heater, 42-inch 1500W Infrared Tower.

Top Recommendation: Outdoor Electric Patio Heater, 42-inch 1500W Infrared Tower

Why We Recommend It: This model excels with its instant infrared heat, uniform full-body warmth, and weatherproof aluminum frame with IPX5 rating. Its 9 heat levels and remote control offer personalized comfort, and safety features—automatic shutoff and a lock—add peace of mind. Unlike others, it combines durability, eco-friendliness, and a large coverage area, making it the best overall choice for both outdoor and indoor uses.

Best patio space heater: Our Top 5 Picks

• Outdoor Electric Patio Heater, 42-inch 1500W Infrared Tower – Best Electric Patio Heater
• 1500W Outdoor Patio Heater with 3-Mode & Overheat Protection – Best for Versatile Use
• Outdoor Electric Patio Heater 34″ 1500W Infrared Tower – Best Compact Electric Heater
• Haimmy 42in Infrared Patio Heater with Remote, 1500W, IPX5 – Best for Convenience and Durability
• Buyplus Outdoor Heater, 1500W Patio Heater for Garage, – Best Value

What Are Patio Space Heaters and Why Do You Need One?

Patio space heaters are outdoor heating devices that provide warmth for outdoor areas like patios and decks. They are essential for extending outdoor gathering seasons, increasing comfort, and creating a cozy atmosphere.

1. Types of Patio Space Heaters:
   – Electric heaters
   – Propane heaters
   – Natural gas heaters
   – Infrared heaters
   – Tabletop heaters
   – Tower heaters

Various perspectives exist regarding patio space heaters. Some users value energy efficiency, while others prioritize portability. Opinions also differ on design aesthetics and safety features, with some advocating for electric options due to fewer emissions compared to gas heaters.

2. Electric Heaters:
   Electric heaters are powered by electricity and often used in smaller outdoor areas. They provide instant warmth and require no fuel tanks. According to a study by Energy Star, electric heaters can consume about 50% less energy than gas options. However, their effectiveness can diminish in windy conditions, making them less ideal for large spaces.

3. Propane Heaters:
   Propane heaters use liquid propane gas stored in tanks to generate heat. They typically produce higher heat output compared to electric heaters and are suitable for larger patios. According to the Propane Education & Research Council, propane heaters can warm spaces up to 20 feet in diameter. However, they require routine refilling of propane tanks, which can be inconvenient.

4. Natural Gas Heaters:
   Natural gas heaters connect directly to a gas line and offer a continuous heat source. They require professional installation but can provide steady warmth. According to the International Energy Agency, natural gas is often more economical than propane in the long run. Conversely, the reliance on gas infrastructure may limit their use in some locations.

5. Infrared Heaters:
   Infrared heaters emit infrared radiation that warms objects and people directly, rather than warming the air. This technology is efficient in providing targeted heat. According to a report from the Journal of Renewable Energy, infrared heaters can be 90% efficient. However, they may not be as effective in larger, open areas where heat can dissipate quickly.

6. Tabletop Heaters:
   Tabletop heaters are compact and portable units designed for smaller tables or settings. They provide localized warmth and are suitable for intimate gatherings. The popularity of tabletop heaters has grown, as users appreciate their convenience and easy deployment. However, their heating capacity is limited compared to larger units.

7. Tower Heaters:
   Tower heaters are tall units that can produce heat from a higher position. They are effective for warming seated guests in outdoor areas. Some models include oscillation features to distribute heat effectively. However, their size means they might not be as portable as other types.

Patio space heaters come in various forms and capacities, providing options for different needs and preferences.

How Do Different Types of Patio Space Heaters Compare?

Different types of patio space heaters can be compared based on several factors such as fuel type, heat output, coverage area, and portability. Below is a comparison table that highlights these differences.

Type	Fuel Type	Heat Output (BTU)	Coverage Area (sq ft)	Portability	Cost	Safety Features
Electric Heaters	Electric	1,500 – 5,000	100 – 200	High	Low to Moderate	Overheat protection
Propane Patio Heaters	Propane	30,000 – 50,000	200 – 300	Moderate	Moderate	Tip-over shut-off
Natural Gas Heaters	Natural Gas	30,000 – 60,000	300 – 400	Low	High	None
Wood-Burning Heaters	Wood	20,000 – 40,000	150 – 250	Moderate	Low	Ember guards

What Are the Key Features of Propane Patio Space Heaters?

The key features of propane patio space heaters include efficiency, portability, safety features, and aesthetic designs.

1. Fuel Efficiency
2. Portability
3. Safety Features
4. Design Variety
5. Heating Capacity

Propane patio space heaters exhibit several notable attributes. The features of these heaters cater to diverse needs and preferences, which can vary significantly among users.

1. Fuel Efficiency:
   Propane patio space heaters utilize propane gas as a fuel source. This type of heater is known for its fuel efficiency, often producing more heat with less fuel compared to electric heaters. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (2022), propane heaters convert approximately 90% of the fuel they use into heat, making them a cost-effective choice for outdoor heating. For instance, a standard 20-pound propane tank can provide heat for about 10 hours continuously, depending on the heater’s settings.

2. Portability:
   Propane patio space heaters are designed for easy movement. Many models come equipped with wheels or handles, allowing users to relocate them as needed. This feature is particularly appealing for those who like to rearrange outdoor spaces or move heaters to different locations, such as patios, decks, or gardens. For example, a portable propane heater enables users to enjoy warmth during gatherings or events without being restricted to a single area.

3. Safety Features:
   Safety is a primary concern for outdoor heaters. Propane patio space heaters often feature essential safety mechanisms like automatic shut-off switches that activate in case of tipping over. Additionally, many models have protective grilles to prevent accidental burns and reduce fire risks. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) sets standards to ensure safety in propane appliances, helping users feel more secure during use.

4. Design Variety:
   Propane patio space heaters come in various designs and styles, catering to different aesthetic preferences. Users can choose from freestanding models, tabletop versions, and decorative styles that enhance the ambiance of outdoor spaces. For example, a decorative patio heater may feature an attractive finish and design that compliments a home’s exterior while providing warmth.

5. Heating Capacity:
   The heating capacity of propane patio space heaters varies significantly among models. Most heaters provide an adjustable heat output, typically ranging from 30,000 to 50,000 BTUs (British Thermal Units). A higher BTU indicates a greater heating capability, which is essential for larger areas or during colder months. For example, a heater with a 50,000 BTU output can effectively warm an area of approximately 200 square feet.

By understanding the key features of propane patio space heaters, users can make informed decisions based on their specific requirements for outdoor heating.

What Are the Advantages of Electric Patio Space Heaters?

Electric patio space heaters offer several advantages for outdoor heating. They provide efficient heat, are environmentally friendly, and offer convenience and safety.

1. Energy efficiency
2. Environmental friendliness
3. Safety features
4. Portability
5. Ease of use
6. Instant heat
7. Low maintenance

Electric patio space heaters are energy efficient. They convert electrical energy directly into heat, minimizing energy losses associated with other heating methods. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, electric heaters often have efficiency ratings of nearly 100%, meaning almost all the energy consumed is converted into heat.

Electric patio space heaters are environmentally friendly. They do not emit harmful gases like carbon dioxide or other pollutants. Renewable energy sources can power them, further reducing their carbon footprint. Research by the Environmental Protection Agency indicates that using electric heaters can lead to lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to gas or propane heaters.

Electric patio space heaters include safety features. Many models have automatic shut-off functions that activate if the heater tips over or overheats, reducing the risk of fires. A report by the National Fire Protection Association highlights that electric heaters are safer compared to fuel-burning alternatives, which carry a higher risk of fire.

Electric patio space heaters are portable. They are usually lightweight and can be easily moved to different locations. This versatility allows users to adjust heating according to their needs. For instance, outdoor restaurants often use portable electric heaters to create comfortable dining spaces.

Electric patio space heaters are easy to use. They typically plug into standard outlets and provide heat with the flip of a switch. Users can adjust the temperature settings effortlessly, unlike gas heaters, which may require more complex setups.

Electric patio space heaters provide instant heat. They begin warming the space within seconds of being powered on. The quick heat-up time makes them ideal for impromptu gatherings, as people do not have to wait for warmth.

Electric patio space heaters require low maintenance. They do not need fuel replacement or extensive upkeep. Regular cleaning and checking electrical connections are usually sufficient to keep them in good working order. Studies suggest that this ease of maintenance is a significant advantage for consumers.

How Do Wood-Burning Patio Space Heaters Work?

Wood-burning patio space heaters work by burning wood to produce heat, circulating warm air to provide warmth in outdoor spaces. This heating method is efficient and provides an ambient atmosphere for gatherings.

• Combustion: The heater uses wood as fuel, and the combustion process generates heat. The flames burn the wood, releasing energy in the form of heat.
• Heat radiation: The heat produced from the combustion radiates outward from the heater. This radiant heat warms up the surrounding area directly, making it feel warmer within a short period.
• Convection: As the air around the heater warms, it rises and creates a convection current. This current helps to circulate warm air throughout the space, enhancing comfort.
• Design: Many wood-burning patio heaters have a chimney or flue to direct smoke away from the area and improve safety. This feature ensures that the smoke does not linger around people.
• Materials: The heaters are usually constructed from durable materials like steel or cast iron. These materials retain heat well and can withstand high temperatures.
• Efficiency: According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines, modern wood-burning heaters can achieve more than 70% efficiency when properly used, minimizing wasted fuel and reducing emissions (EPA, 2020).
• Maintenance: Regular cleaning and maintenance are essential for safe operation. The flue must be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent creosote buildup, a flammable residue from burning wood.

These mechanisms make wood-burning patio heaters effective for creating warm and inviting outdoor spaces.

What Should You Consider When Choosing a Patio Space Heater?

When choosing a patio space heater, consider the heater type, heating capacity, fuel source, safety features, and cost efficiency.

1. Heater Types:
   – Electric heaters
   – Gas heaters
   – Propane heaters
   – Infrared heaters

2. Heating Capacity:
   – BTU ratings
   – Coverage area

3. Fuel Sources:
   – Electricity
   – Natural gas
   – Propane
   – Wood pellets

4. Safety Features:
   – Automatic shut-off
   – Tip-over protection
   – Heat shields

5. Cost Efficiency:
   – Purchase price
   – Operating costs
   – Maintenance expenses

Choosing the right patio space heater requires evaluating each factor to find the best fit for your needs.

1. Heater Types:
   The term ‘heater types’ refers to the various designs and technologies available in patio space heaters. Electric heaters are easy to install and use, ideal for smaller spaces. Gas heaters provide higher heat output and are often portable. Propane heaters are versatile and offer flexible placement options. Infrared heaters deliver direct warmth, making them suitable for immediate heat and energy efficiency.

2. Heating Capacity:
   Heating capacity describes the amount of heat the heater can produce, usually measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units). Higher BTU ratings translate to greater heating power. Coverage area refers to the space the heater can effectively warm. For example, a heater covering 150 square feet may suffice for small patios, while larger areas may require multiple units.

3. Fuel Sources:
   Fuel sources determine how the heater operates. Electric heaters require an electrical outlet, natural gas heaters offer continuous fuel supply, and propane heaters use gas canisters, making them portable. Wood pellet heaters also exist, utilizing compressed wood for a different heating approach. Each option has specific advantages and drawbacks, impacting convenience and cost.

4. Safety Features:
   Safety features are essential elements in patio heaters to ensure user protection. Automatic shut-off mechanisms stop the heater’s operation if it tips over or reaches unsafe temperatures. Tip-over protection prevents accidents, making heaters safer around pets and children. Heat shields protect surrounding areas from excessive heat, enhancing safety during use.

5. Cost Efficiency:
   Cost efficiency evaluates the economic aspects of installing and using a patio heater. The initial purchase price is important, but operating costs significantly impact long-term value. Electric heaters may have lower upfront costs but higher energy bills, while gas and propane heaters may incur fuel costs. Maintenance expenses vary, especially for gas models requiring regular checks to ensure proper function.

How Does the Size of Your Outdoor Area Affect Heater Selection?

The size of your outdoor area affects heater selection significantly. First, identify how much space you need to heat. Measure the area in square feet. Next, consider the heater’s heating capacity, usually measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units). A larger area requires a heater with a higher BTU rating to effectively warm the space.

Also, assess the height of the outdoor area. Higher spaces may require more powerful heaters since heat rises. Next, consider the outdoor elements. Wind and open spaces can dissipate heat quickly. Hence, you might need a heater with a stronger output or wind-resistant features.

Analyzing your seating arrangement is important, too. If you have a clustered seating area, you can use a smaller heater. However, for spread-out seating, choose heaters with broader coverage.

Finally, evaluate energy source options. Electric heaters suit smaller areas, while propane or natural gas heaters work well for larger outdoor spaces. By following these considerations, you can select a heater that meets the heating needs based on the size of your outdoor area.

What Is the Importance of Heating Capacity in Patio Space Heaters?

Heating capacity in patio space heaters refers to the maximum amount of heat a heater can produce to warm an outdoor area effectively. This capacity is usually measured in British Thermal Units (BTUs) per hour.

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, heating capacity is crucial for ensuring comfort and efficiency in outdoor heating solutions. Accurate heating capacity ensures that the heater can cover the intended patio size, providing adequate warmth on cold days.

The heating capacity affects how effectively a patio space heater maintains a comfortable environment. Different models have varying capacities, which influence their performance and efficiency. Selecting a heater with appropriate capacity prevents energy wastage and ensures an even distribution of heat across the space.

The Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association states that a 30,000 BTU heater effectively warms an area of about 300 square feet, while larger spaces may require heaters with higher capacities. These measurements help consumers make informed choices based on their outdoor settings.

Factors affecting heating capacity include outdoor temperature, safety distance, wind conditions, and the presence of shielding structures. Understanding these variables helps in selecting the right heater.

According to the Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association, a patio heater with adequate heating capacity can increase outdoor usage by over 50% during colder months, enhancing social interaction and engagement while boosting sales for businesses.

The broader impact includes increased comfort during outdoor gatherings, potential energy savings through efficient heating, and supporting local businesses that depend on outdoor space usage.

Health benefits include reducing exposure to cold and potential respiratory issues associated with low temperatures. Environmentally, efficient heaters minimize energy use and lower emissions, benefiting the ecological landscape.

For instance, restaurants using effective patio heaters can see a 20% increase in customer foot traffic during winter evenings, translating to higher revenues.

To address heating capacity challenges, experts recommend selecting heaters based on the exact size requirements of outdoor areas. The U.S. Department of Energy advises calculating the total BTUs needed for specific settings.

Strategies to improve heating efficiency encompass using windbreaks, employing natural gas heaters, and choosing propane heaters with higher output where feasible. Enhanced insulation and proper positioning of heaters also contribute to optimal heating capacity.

What Safety Features Are Essential for Patio Space Heaters?

Essential safety features for patio space heaters include protections against overheating, tip-over switches, and adequate ventilation.

1. Overheat Protection
2. Tip-Over Switches
3. Adequate Ventilation
4. Stable Base Design
5. Safety Certifications
6. Ignition Systems
7. Clear Instruction Manuals

The importance of these features can vary based on user needs, environment, and personal preferences. Some may prioritize mobility and lightweight designs, while others focus on permanent installations and maximum heating efficiency. These differences highlight the need for diverse safety standards across various patio heater models and types.

1. Overheat Protection:
   Overheat protection in patio space heaters prevents dangerous temperature builds. This system automatically turns off the heater if it exceeds a specific temperature, reducing fire risks. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), in 2020, heating devices caused roughly 50,000 reported U.S. home fires. Overheat protection is crucial, especially in enclosed or semi-enclosed outdoor spaces.

2. Tip-Over Switches:
   Tip-over switches add another layer of safety to patio space heaters. This feature ensures that if the heater falls over, it will automatically shut off. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) reported that approximately 400 deaths occur each year due to space heater accidents. Tip-over switches significantly lower the risk of such incidents, especially in crowded or high-traffic areas.

3. Adequate Ventilation:
   Adequate ventilation is essential to safely operate patio heaters. They require an open environment to prevent the buildup of harmful gases like carbon monoxide. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) emphasizes that proper ventilation reduces the risk of asphyxiation and other health hazards. Outdoor spaces are typically well-ventilated, but heated areas near walls or foliage may need additional attention.

4. Stable Base Design:
   A stable base design ensures the heater remains upright during use. Patio heaters should feature a wide base or weighted construction to withstand wind and movement. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) highlights that heaters with stable bases reduce tipping hazards. Weighing options carefully can enhance overall safety and usability.

5. Safety Certifications:
   Safety certifications from recognized organizations confirm compliance with established safety regulations. Heaters carrying certifications from the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or Intertek (ETL) meet strict safety standards. These certifications provide consumers with confidence in product safety. According to the CPSC, consumers should always check for these labels before purchasing a heater.

6. Ignition Systems:
   Integrated ignition systems improve safety by ensuring easy and controlled starts. Electric ignition systems decrease the need for matches or lighters, which can introduce fire hazards. The Journal of Safety Research highlights that user-friendly ignition reduces the chance of accidents during setup. Pedestal heaters often feature push-button ignitions, making them safer to operate.

7. Clear Instruction Manuals:
   Clear instruction manuals provide essential information for safe heater operation. They should outline proper setup, maintenance, and emergency procedures. Studies show that misunderstanding product use leads to higher accident rates. Manufacturers must ensure manuals are available in multiple languages to accommodate diverse users, enhancing overall safety awareness.

Which Brands Are Recognized for Quality Patio Space Heaters?

Recognized brands for quality patio space heaters include several notable manufacturers known for their performance and safety features.

1. Propane Patio Heaters
2. Electric Patio Heaters
3. Infrared Patio Heaters
4. Natural Gas Patio Heaters
5. Brands with High Safety Standards

The following points delve into the different types of patio space heaters and noteworthy brands, highlighting their unique attributes and advantages.

1. Propane Patio Heaters: Propane patio heaters offer versatility and portability. They are common for outdoor events and gatherings. Brands like Fire Sense and Hampton Bay are recognized for producing durable propane heaters. Fire Sense is particularly praised for its stable base design, which enhances safety.

2. Electric Patio Heaters: Electric patio heaters provide instant heat and environmental sustainability. Companies like Dr. Infrared and Lava Heat provide models that are efficient and easy to maintain. Dr. Infrared is especially noted for its energy-efficient models that save on electricity while providing warmth.

3. Infrared Patio Heaters: Infrared heaters utilize infrared technology to transfer heat directly to objects rather than the air. Brands like Infratech and Bromic are known for producing efficient infrared models. Infratech’s heaters are favored for their slim design and effective heating capabilities.

4. Natural Gas Patio Heaters: Natural gas heaters require a gas line, providing uninterrupted heating. Brands such as Golden Blount and AZ Patio Heaters excel in creating high-quality models. These brands are noted for their robust construction and aesthetic designs that complement outdoor spaces.

5. Brands with High Safety Standards: Safety features are crucial in outdoor heating. Brands like Qwirkle and Fire Pit establish advanced safety protocols. Qwirkle integrates features like automatic shut-off mechanisms and stable designs to prevent tipping, ensuring peace of mind for users.

Each brand and type of patio space heater has distinct characteristics. Assessing these attributes allows consumers to choose the best option for their specific needs, whether it’s portability, efficiency, or safety.

How Can You Extend the Lifespan of Your Patio Space Heater?

To extend the lifespan of your patio space heater, it is crucial to prioritize regular maintenance, proper storage, usage of protective covers, and following manufacturer guidelines.

Regular maintenance: Regular upkeep keeps your heater in optimal condition. Inspect the heater for rust, dirt, or debris. Clean the burner and reflectors to ensure efficient heating. Routine checks for gas leaks or fuel issues are essential for safety and function. According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, faulty gas heaters cause many accidents each year.

Proper storage: Storing your heater properly during the off-season significantly influences its lifespan. It is best to store it indoors in a dry area to prevent weather-related damage such as corrosion. If indoor storage isn’t available, a well-ventilated outdoor shed can also serve as a suitable alternative. The National Association of Home Builders emphasizes that proper storage can reduce the risk of rust and other damage.

Usage of protective covers: Using a high-quality protective cover can shield your patio heater from harsh environmental conditions. A cover prevents moisture accumulation that can lead to rust and keeps the heater free from dirt and leaves. The Outdoor Power Equipment Institute highlights that covers can extend the lifespan of patio equipment significantly.

Following manufacturer guidelines: Manufacturer’s instructions provide critical information about the proper operation and maintenance of your specific heater model. These guidelines include recommendations on correct fuel types, pressure settings, and safety precautions. Adhering to these tips can prevent common issues and enhance safety during use, as noted by the American National Standards Institute.

What Tips Can Enhance the Efficiency of Your Patio Space Heater?

To enhance the efficiency of your patio space heater, consider implementing practical tips that optimize warmth and energy usage.

1. Choose the right type of heater.
2. Adjust the heater’s position.
3. Use windbreaks effectively.
4. Maintain the heater regularly.
5. Opt for reflective surfaces.
6. Set a timer or thermostat.
7. Combine with blankets or outdoor rugs.

Creating an optimal outdoor environment for your space heater involves various considerations.

1. Choosing the right type of heater:
   Choosing the right type of heater is essential for efficiency. Electric heaters are quieter and easier to install, while propane heaters offer portability and higher heat output. A study by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2021 indicates that electric heaters have lower operational costs over time compared to propane. If your patio is covered, an electric heater may provide consistent warmth with less energy loss.

2. Adjusting the heater’s position:
   Adjusting the heater’s position can significantly improve heat distribution. Placing the heater to maximize its exposure to seating areas ensures effective warmth. According to a 2020 study by the Energy Research Institute, effective placement can increase warmth by up to 30%. This means moving the heater closer to where people gather can allow for lower settings and more efficient heating.

3. Using windbreaks effectively:
   Using windbreaks effectively can help retain heat around your patio. Barriers such as walls, trees, or outdoor curtains shield your heater from wind, creating a more comfortable environment. A practical example is using outdoor patio screens, which can cut wind chill and enhance heater performance by maintaining steady temperatures.

4. Maintaining the heater regularly:
   Maintaining the heater regularly ensures optimal performance. Regular checks for dirt and blockages in heating elements help maintain efficient operation. A case study by the Appliance Safety Agency in 2019 showed that well-maintained heaters operate 15% more efficiently than neglected ones. Regular maintenance prevents accidents and enhances heater longevity, reducing costs over time.

5. Opting for reflective surfaces:
   Opting for reflective surfaces near the heater maximizes heat retention. Using materials like heat-reflective walls or even specialized patio furniture can bounce warmth back to the seating areas. According to the Journal of Outdoor Living (2022), structures designed with thermal mass can retain heat longer and improve comfort.

6. Setting a timer or thermostat:
   Setting a timer or thermostat helps to manage energy use effectively. Programming the heater to operate at specific times prevents unnecessary heating and saves energy. Research from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in 2020 shows that smart heating controls can reduce energy costs by 20% annually.

7. Combining with blankets or outdoor rugs:
   Combining the heater with blankets or outdoor rugs enhances comfort and warmth. Adding throw blankets to seating areas provides extra warmth and minimizes heat loss from the ground. A survey by Patio Comfort Solutions (2021) found that homes using both heaters and blankets reported a 40% increase in outdoor comfort levels.

Related Post:

• =a785
• =a786
• =a787
• =a788
• =a789